How to Handle Federal Flood Insurance Claims: What Policyholders Need to Know

Written By Ally MacPherson

When your home or business is damaged by flooding, knowing how to file a federal flood insurance claim can be critical to your recovery. For policyholders under the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP), the claims process can be complex, time-sensitive, and frustrating—especially when disputes or delays arise.

At Montiel Hodge our attorneys help clients navigate NFIP claims, appeals, and disputes to ensure they receive the coverage they’re entitled to under federal law. Below is a step-by-step guide designed to help homeowners, landlords, and business owners understand their rights and responsibilities when dealing with flood insurance claims.

Step 1: Notify Your Insurance Carrier Immediately

One of the most important steps after a flood is reporting your loss to your flood insurance provider right away. Time is critical—NFIP claims must typically be filed within 60 days of the date of loss.

Be prepared to provide:

  • Your NFIP policy number

  • The date and cause of flooding

  • A brief overview of the damage

Delays can significantly affect your ability to recover flood insurance benefits.

Step 2: Document All Damage Thoroughly

Before making any repairs or disposing of damaged property, take extensive photographic and video evidence of:

  • Water-damaged floors, walls, and ceilings

  • Destroyed appliances, electronics, and furniture

  • Structural damage to your home or business

  • Waterlines and mold development

Proper documentation supports your NFIP flood damage claim and helps avoid denial or underpayment.

Step 3: Submit a Proof of Loss Form

Your Proof of Loss (POL) is the key document in your flood insurance claim. This sworn statement details the amount of money you’re claiming and must be supported by estimates, photos, receipts, and contractor reports.

🔒 Deadline alert: You must submit your Proof of Loss to your insurance company within 60 days unless FEMA has extended the deadline.

Common issues we see include:

  • Incomplete or inaccurate POL forms

  • Missing documentation

  • Adjuster discrepancies

If you're unsure how to complete your Proof of Loss properly, we recommend consulting an experienced flood insurance attorney.

Step 4: Meet With the Adjuster—And Keep Records

Your NFIP-assigned adjuster will inspect the damage and estimate what’s covered. Be present during the inspection, and make sure you:

  • Take your own notes and photos

  • Get the adjuster’s name, contact info, and credentials

  • Ask for a copy of the final report

Remember: The adjuster represents the insurance company—not you. Their evaluation is not the final word.

Step 5: Organize Your Claims File

Keep a digital and physical file of:

  • All emails, letters, and texts

  • Copies of your Proof of Loss

  • Invoices, estimates, and receipts

  • FEMA correspondence (if applicable)

A well-documented file can support your position in a dispute or appeal and is essential if you seek legal assistance.

Step 6: Understand the NFIP Appeals Process

If your federal flood insurance claim is denied or you receive less compensation than expected, you have the right to appeal.

Options include:

  • Requesting a re-inspection

  • Submitting new documentation

  • Filing an official FEMA appeal within 60 days of your insurer’s decision

To strengthen your appeal, we recommend including:

  • A written summary of your dispute

  • Photographs and expert reports

  • Estimates from licensed contractors

A qualified insurance dispute attorney can help you draft and submit a strong appeal package.

Step 7: Manage Settlement Funds Wisely

Once you receive your settlement, use the funds to begin documented repairs. Save all receipts, contracts, and invoices in case:

  • You file a supplemental claim later

  • FEMA requests an audit

  • You face issues with a contractor or municipality

When to Contact a Flood Insurance Claims Attorney

If you are facing:

  • A denied NFIP flood claim

  • A lowball settlement offer

  • Inconsistent communication from the insurer

  • A complex or disputed FEMA appeal

The legal team at [Law Firm Name] is here to help. We advocate for homeowners, landlords, and commercial policyholders throughout the flood insurance claim and appeals process. We understand FEMA’s rules and fight for the compensation our clients deserve.

Contact Us Today

Schedule a free consultation with an experienced flood insurance attorney at Montiel Hodge.

Ally MacPherson
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